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INTELLIGENCE'S SERVICES OF ISRAEL IN THE WAR OF LEBANON AND HIS TARGET 'HIZBOLLAH'.  

Dr. Ramiro Anzit-Guerrero.

Doctor of Criminal Law and Criminal Sciences (USAL). Master of Strategic Studies (INUN). Lawyer (USAL). Associate Professor of doctoral seminar "International Terrorism and Law" of the University del Museo Social Argentino and professor at the University del Salvador. Member of the Anti-terrorism Criminology Department (SSPA). He is adviser in Counter-Terrorism of several governments.

  Dissertation of Dr. Ramiro Anzit-Guerrero in "Conflicts in the Twenty-First Century: The case Israel-Lebanon." Network Strategic Military Affairs, Ministry of Defence, Argentine Republic. Buenos Aires, June 26, 2007.

In 1982, the Israeli Armed Forces (Tsahal) had taken only 48 hours to grab a significant portion of Lebanon. But in the last invasion of Lebanon's Hezbollah missiles that landed in Israeli territory changed this situation. The slowness of the campaign and the inability to prevent the Hezbollah launched its Katyusha missiles, forced Israel to change its course of action in traditional warfare, whereby the battle precedes diplomacy. The Israeli Air Force achievement bomb and destroy large parts of southern Lebanon, but the only ground forces were able to conduct limited raids, most of the time carried out by commandos of the special forces.

Israel's desire to extend the area of containment until the Litani River (70 kilometres north of the border today) was difficult to establish because it involved the deployment of a strong contingent of Israeli infantry in Hezbollah's own territory. How to explain this failure of the most powerful military force in the region, with the most sophisticated weaponry, and the material and technical support of the United States. According to Syed Saleem Shahzad, Israel launched a military operation very risky despite warnings from its intelligence services, including the Moss ad. The latter openly admitted to the Government before the outbreak of hostilities, have failed in their attempts to infiltrate Hezbollah.

The Moss ad was opposed to the military operation in Lebanon and suggested hoped that brought by information services, will be in a position to assess the military capabilities of Hezbollah, its staff, its logistics and their positions. Again according to the Moss ad, the Hezbollah had become with the help of Iran much more powerful groups such as the Palestinian Hamas only available, especially in light weapons and small homemade Qassam rockets, while often resorted to suicide attacks. Before embarking on a major operation, the Mossad argued that it was essential to know the military power of the Hezbollah, but there was a risk of a military catastrophe.

The Moss ad was informed of an extensive network of tunnels and bunkers that the Hezbollah could use to store weapons in preparation for long guerrillas, but could not accurately determine its ramifications. There was an internal crisis in Israel not only came to the first access to Hezbollah, but it really refers to the very structures of the Israeli leadership. This is a major crisis precisely because of this internal factor in the same way that the war in Iraq is a major crisis in Washington because of the fractures and oppositions that even produced in the establishment of Washington.

Since in 2003 the American Assistant Secretary of State Richard Armitage, a specialist in secret operations during the Vietnam war, determined that Hezbollah should be the priority terrorist enemy while Al Qaeda serious side, meanwhile Colin Powell expressed concern regarding the continuation of the activities' terrorists' of Hezbollah in the region and the rest of the world as their social and cultural support by highlighting the case of the television station Al Manar, which has begun to be targeted enemy of the United States. Thus, Hezbollah and Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general and spiritual leader, became the priority enemies of the United States. They were demonized, as they were before they Mohammed Mossadegh, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Muammar Khadafi, Ayatollah Khomeini, Yasser Arafat and Saddam Hussein, who would in turn those opposed to the Western projects in the Middle East.

The repetition of their names in the media associated with acts which give rise to a reaction of rejection causes a negative connotation of which is difficult to discard. The method of rumour is old as the world.

In this context of international tension with the Hezbollah and his patron Iran, the Argentine Justice accused Hezbollah of being the perpetrator of the attacks against the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires in 1992 and against the Argentine Jewish Mutual Association in 1994.

From the Iranian perspective these attacks would be linked to a Moss ad operation. The attacks have had on this hypothesis, aimed at boosting the Jewish community of Argentina to emigrate to Israel. This approach proved its worth in Iraq in 1950, as revealed in his memoirs Moshe Sharett, former Israeli Prime Minister. Despite the decision by the Argentine judicial system, the United States and Israel recently reactivated the accusations brought against Hezbollah. They are based, in particular, on the testimony of Abolghasem Mesbahi, Iranian secret agent recruited by the CIA, which said in 2004 that former Argentine President Carlos Menem of Argentina forced the judges to dismiss the Lebanese track. As counterpart Iranians would have given him ten million dollars.

Thus, the American Jewish Committee is preparing to launch an advertising campaign on CNN and Fox News to convince American public opinion that the Lebanese organization, which is supported by Iran, engaging in international terrorism and threatening to the United States since the attacks committed in Argentina prove it. For a little more demonizing Hezbollah in Latin America, home to many Lebanese emigrants, it was stressed that the Ecuadorian police dismantled in June 2006, a network of cocaine traffickers operating in Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and the United States that sent a 70% of their income to Hezbollah.

The allegation goes back to Narco Jihad Haïm Messing, Israeli director in the fight against drugs, which it declared in 2003 in front of a UN commission, which Hizbollah took "a headline news in culture and drug trafficking ".

In an operation against the Hezbollah, August 2, 2006 at Baalbek (Lebanon), the Mossad would have found on the hard drive of a computer at the hospital Dar El Hekmat, the organizational chart of more than 20 terrorist cells established in Britain. The news, a bit far-fetched, was indirectly aimed at making us forget that the Israelis had killed 17 civilians of whom 8 were children and had been a mockery of abducting an 'alleged' subject thought it was Hassan Nasrallah, but not this person finally I had nothing to do with the organization.

The latest finding against Hezbollah was the revelation that the judge Serge Brammertz would have discovered a "track Shiite" in the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri. Neither the FSI () 1200 kilos of TNT to attack Rafic Hariri that obstructed the Hezbollah targets in Lebanon and Iran more broadly, it seeks to strengthen the influence of their Shiite allies in the Arab world.

The "shia track" disclosed by Western media show for the manipulation of information. Rafic Hariri had enemies on all religious communities and social classes to begin within the expropriations that had suffered under his mandate. Hariri had left power in October 2004 with a colossal debt: more than $ 30 billion, double the GDP of Lebanon.

It can be said that the secretary-general of Hezbollah, Hassan Nasrallah, did not have anything in common with Hariri in politics as much as in the economic and social arenas, but this would not be sufficient to justify that Hezbollah planned the attack. Instead, Rafic Hariri had opposed the aggression against Iraq and we know that was against the registration of the name of the Hezbollah on the list of terrorist organizations of the European Union. Moreover had interviews in this regard with Hassan Nasrallah, just before his assassination. Despite pressure from the Americans and Israelis, Hariri did not want to talk about the proposal to build an American base in northern Lebanon, nor allow any territorial division of Lebanon.

It is noteworthy that after the invasion of Lebanon and the slaughter of Qana, no representative of Western democracy treated aggressor State of Israel and the Mossad as a clandestine organization. Instead the name of the Hezbollah is now routinely on the bench of the accused hardly spoke of terrorist actions.

In this context the Lebanese security forces uncovered a sophisticated system with the network was said to have been carried out dozens of attacks by the Israeli secret services. On May 26, 2006, an explosion killed Mahmoud Majzoub, military commander of Islamic Jihad in Lebanon, and his brother Nidal, also a militant of the organization. A car, parked in front of them exploded as two Palestinian militants had left the house to go to work. They utilized for the operation nor a burden too strong nor too weak, almost perfect. The killing of the two brothers deeply shook the people of Sidon, always coming from the Palestinian cause, and thus paid a heavy price when they had 2000 1982), which resulted in the city streets impressive manifestations of repudiation. For thousands of Lebanese and Palestinian refugee camp of Ein Al Helwe (90,000 inhabitants) responded to the call to protest, launched by the Arab nationalist movements and Sunni traditionally hegemonic in this city, the Shiite movement Hezbollah and Hamal, various Palestinian groups and jointly participated including the Free Patriotic Movement of former Christian Maronite general Michel Aoun.

In practice, the new axis of the interfaith coalition (with the representative Maronite pro Syrian Suleiman Franjieh and Sunni Tripoli Omar Karame) objected to a new colonial mandate on Lebanon from the U.S. And France, the disarmament of the Lebanese and Palestinian resistance and the severance of relations with Damascus, a programme which had been advanced by the majority government of national unity which comprised Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, Hariri Forces of falangistas Samir Geagea, the protagonist of the slaughter at Sabra and Chatyla and Druze leader Walid Jumblatt. This time, however, the application of justice of the people of Sidon seems to have been partly satisfied and the Lebanese security forces discovered for the first time, a sophisticated network that would have made dozens of attacks by the Israeli secret services.

The group leader was a citizen of the former Israeli-occupied zone, a former official of the Lebanese security forces and a former member of the pro-Israeli militia from southern Lebanon of General Lahad, while is the grandson of a representative of the Socialist Party progressive Walid Jumblatt. Mahmoud Rafeh, the suspect number one, it would be recognized responsible for four attacks in which they killed, in addition to Mahmoud and Nidal Majzoub, representatives of the Hezbollah Ali Hassan Dieb, (in the city of Open August 16, 1999) Ali Saleh (in southern Beirut, July 2, 2003) and the Palestinian Jihad Jibril. The base of operations was a villa in the centre of southern Lebanese Hasbaya belonging to Mahmoud Rafeh, where researchers found in the garage, sophisticated communication equipment, interception of telephone records on two representatives of Jihad killed, false documents and military uniforms.

Among the members of the group identified and is now wanted by the Lebanese Justice, presumably a Palestinian militant from the camp of Ein Helwe, Hussein Kattab, and arrested because they were suspected of being involved in the assassination of Jihad Jibril, was later released after an intervention by some Sunni sheiks. Mahmoud Rafeh was recruited by the Mossad in 1994, on proposal Alameddine Badaoui, responsible for the services of the militia of the pro-Israeli South Lebanon, currently a fugitive in Israel. The discovery of the group of agents who worked for the Israeli secret service is having a profound impact on the political scene Lebanese. The party shiíta Hezbollah and the other opposition movements to the axis for USA Commenting on the episode recalled that Israel still constitutes a threat to Lebanon, and consequently raise the need not to disarm the resistance and not to exclude from the list of suspected homicides and assaults that took place in Lebanon to run services from Tel Aviv. A clear reference to the possibility of Israeli involvement in the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, who was killed on St. Valentine's day in 2005.

Whoever has been the justification for the latest Israeli invasion of Lebanon, all seem to agree on the fact that this attack was a disproportionate response to a deliberate attack of the Hezbollah.

Since Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon in May 2000, there were hundreds of violations of the 'Blue Line' that separates the two countries. The Force of the United Nations in Lebanon (UNIFIL) reported that Israeli aircraft crossed the line almost every day between 2001 and 2003, and "continuing" until 2006. These raids "caused great concern to the civilian population, particularly low-altitude flights that cross the sound barrier over populated areas." On occasion, the Hezbollah tried to stop them with anti-aircraft guns. In October 2000, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) fired on unarmed Palestinian demonstrators on the border, killing 3 and injuring 20 of them. In response, Hezbollah crossed the border and captured three Israeli soldiers. Also on several occasions, Hizbollah performed shells and missile attacks against the positions of the IDF, offset by its heavy artillery and sometimes with aerial bombardment. Incidents of this kind killed three Israelis and three Lebanese in 2003, an Israeli soldier and three Hezbollah fighters in 2005, the Hezbollah of Lebanon capture three Israeli soldiers in February 2006. But UN emphasize that none of these incidents resulted in a military escalation.

On May 26, 2006, before the assassination of two leaders of Islamic Jihad, Nidal and Mahmoud Majzoub, activists in southern Lebanon fired eight rockets on Israel. One soldier was slightly injured. But while the border region remained tense and volatile, UNIFIL said it was "generally quiet" until July 12, 2006.

The Hezbollah exchange intended Israeli soldiers abducted by 15 prisoners of war taken by the Israelis during the attack on Lebanon and who had never been released. It seemed clear that if Israel had returned to the prisoners, that would have resulted in the recovery of his men without spilling more blood and would have reduced the likelihood of other abductions. But the Israeli government refused to negotiate. Instead, we know to what was reached. So why the Israeli response. The answer is that it was not just a reaction on the events of those days. That attack was planned since towards months.

The newspaper The San Francisco Chronicle to emphasize that since more than one year, a summit called by the Israeli army began to make PowerPoint presentations, in a secret military base, along with diplomats, journalists and groups of Americans analysis among others, which explained The plan of operation in detail. The attack was set to last three weeks. It begins by a bombing and culminating with a ground invasion. Gerald Steinberg, professor of political science at the University of Bar-Ilan, said that in that environment "of all Israel's wars since 1948, this was best for which Israel had been prepared." Beginning in 2004, had already been identified by the military campaign scheduled to last about three weeks and since to a year or two, had been simulated and practised at all levels.

A senior Israeli official told the Washington Post that the raid Hizbollah had given Israel a "unique moment" to destroy this organization. The senior editor of the New Statesman, John Kampfner, said that more than one official source told him that the United States government knew in advance the prospect of Israeli military action in Lebanon. The Bush administration was warned that the British Government. Well, this Israeli attack was premeditated: Israel had hoped that was just a convenient excuse. It was true that Hizbollah had accumulated weapons in proximity to the border, as demonstrated by the rockets fired into Israeli territory. But in the same way that Israel can assert that sought to deter incursions by the Hezbollah, the Hezbollah could maintain rightly tried to dissuade Israeli incursions. The Lebanese army was and is certainly incapable of doing so.

The suggestion that Hezbollah could launch an invasion into Israel or that it constitutes an existential threat to the Jewish state is something grotesque. Since the invasion of Lebanon ended, all acts of war were almost always in response to military incursions. In this connection, one possible solution for Israel in the area would first stop adding enemies, withdrawing from the occupied territories in Palestine and Syria. Secondly, fail to provoke armed groups in Lebanon to violate the boundaries of the Blue Line, particularly with flights continuing on the other side of the border. Thirdly, release prisoners of war who remain imprisoned in Israel illegally. Fourthly, we continue to defend the border while maintaining diplomatic pressure on Lebanon to its legitimate government can begin to disarm Hezbollah.

Dr. Ramiro Anzit - Guerrero at the border between Israel and Lebanon.

THE TARGET ‘HIZBOLLAH'

Hezbollah is also known as the Islamic Jihad, Revolutionary Justice Organization, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine.

Upon assuming power in Iran in 1979, the Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini reached consensus on Iranian society to establish an Islamic government guidance shia. The country changes its secular regime to a system Theo centric, and thus know reformulate the purposes of the Iranian State. Thus Iran, it has a policy anti-Israeli conflict, and tries to apply the idea of the disappearance of the Jewish state. Among the actions that Iran undertook to destroy Israel, is destabilized the region. Thus, the Hizballah (Party of God) was established in 1982 in Lebanon, after the Israeli invasion of that country.

  This group is of Islamic origin shia, trend towards Iran. The same himself as a fight Islamic Movement, which comes with a basic ideological, social, political and economic context within the reality of Lebanese, Arab and Islamic committed to the fight against Zionism and inspired by the teachings of Ruhollah Khomeini

Its main objectives are: Turning Lebanon into an Islamic republic; avoid non-Islamic influence in the region and destroy the State of Israel.

Its characteristics: It is an anti-Israeli and anti-western group, Islamic trend shia and political and ideological principles based on the Iranian Islamic revolution, has seats in the Lebanese parliament and legitimized this politically in Lebanese society, its structure has two divisions: a) The policy, and b) the military, supported by Syria, which has interests in the Golan Heights, which were taken by Israel in 1967, though this established as a liberation movement-primarily to the Israeli occupation of Lebanon-it accused of committing terrorist acts, has ties to Iran - it provides arms, money and training-but has operated without government approval in Tehran; exercises control in the southern part of the city of Beirut in the valley of Bikka'ay in southern Lebanon. It has been reported that has cells in Europe, Africa, South America and the USA

The Hezbollah had been excluded by Washington from the list of terrorist organizations and national liberation movements, but it was in this reinscrito blacklisted in 2001 after the attacks of September 11 in the United States. According to its Secretary-General, Ayatollislam Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah is the result of the Israeli invasion in Lebanon in 1982. On September 16, 1982 the leftist and Islamic organizations are a head of the Lebanese national resistance, quickly shiíta unified by the movement Amal. In this front origin set out in the southern suburb of Beirut but gradually, taking advantage of the vacuum left by the state, moved into the Bekaa Valley and especially in the South of the country.

Located in the same geographical continuity southern Lebanon with Palestine form a single area culturally and economically, hence it is the extreme sensitivity of the people to the tragedy of 1948, antecedent that grew in the last Israeli invasion resistance from the population. Although the western media only known primarily to the shia's guerrillas, Hizbollah is also a political movement with their social networks and charities which attracted the sympathy and support of the population. The Party of God was secured and positioning from the lower sectors of the population and not through a direct Islamization would probably ineffective in Lebanon.

At the top of the civil organization Hezbollah, is the Council of the Jihad, formed in the years 1990-1991. This sector has a political party that is represented in Parliament by deputies including one Sunni and one Christian.

The Hezbollah also maintains an extensive network of schools, clinics and hospitals whose access is open to all communities, for free or at a nominal charge. A radio station, a television station and an active editorial complete the device. A member of the political office, Ali Fayed and expressed the political philosophy of the organization: "The problem with some Islamist movements is the absence of geopolitical vision of the contemporary world. These movements must accept the idea of political pluralism, the divergence, and renounce transform it into antagonistic conflict. must also abandon the use of violence in the struggle to achieve and avoid sinking into the logic of civil war that threatens the unity of the Arab Muslim societies. "

The Hezbollah does not provide figures of its budget that have been evaluated by Lebanese newspapers between 20 and 160 million dollars a year. Revenues come from the zakat (Islamic alms compulsory) as well as grants from individuals, or non-resident in Lebanon and contributions from Syria and Iran.

The military wing is now regarded as one of the guerrilla units among the most efficient in the world. The Islamic Resistance, Hezbollah's military wing initial, recruits in principle between Shiite. It is not known but his staff is established between the people and operates in command: beating Hand and ambushes are their usual modus operandi. Hassan Nasrallah says: "The Islamic Resistance in Lebanon has no military bases or barracks. Carry weapons when we fight the enemy in the occupied areas of our territory." And to demonstrate either the effectiveness of the methods employed, he added that "the Hezbollah neutralized the device - radar installed by the Israeli society ELBIT designed to detect infiltration in the border area and provided the Nautilus system to Tsahal (Israelis Armed Forced) by the Americans. "

  Notably, in 1997 created the Lebanese Defence Brigades are open to all Lebanese, whatever their creed or their conviction. According to the Secretary-General Nasrallah, the recruitment of these brigades would have exceeded expectations and its staff seriously around 2000 fighters. From March 14, 1998 to March 9, 1999, these teams have participated in 84 confrontations with the Tsahal but it seems to be acting in support of the commands of the Resistance.

For its part, which has not yet been adequately considered their ability, we can say that the intelligence of the Hezbollah are very formidable. The counterintelligence allowed dismantle Israeli or pro-Israeli networks whose members were subject to military justice of the State. The counter-infiltration since Israel is also effective as seen in the case of Ansariyah where it is expected by intelligence, an Israeli commando that infiltrated income from the sea. The intelligence organs of the Hezbollah collaborate with the secret services Lebanese officials, civilian or military.

When Hezbollah was accused as an arm of Syria and Iran. Its alliance with Damascus and Tehran resulting from the combination of two objectives: the rejection of Zionism and the credibility it acquired in its armed struggle against its opponents. The Hezbollah also maintains a policy position on the regional and international levels. On the outside, Mohamed Fadlallah, the spiritual leader of the group was given as it relates to Iraq: "We believe that Arab countries have been able to reduce the blockage and exert pressure to the effect of encouraging a realistic solution to the crisis." Their political views on the reconstruction of Lebanon: "No. I am neither optimistic nor pessimistic. I'm rather realistic. In any case, the principle of operation is promising sanitation; remains to be determined whether all parties will support the new regime or you bring sticks in the wheel. "

Despite the destruction of Lebanese infrastructure and the displacement of over 600,000 Lebanese, support for the resistance of Hezbollah grows in the country. It should be remembered that this organization has 23 of the 128 seats available in the Lebanese Parliament, as well as some government portfolios; directs numerous social organizations and schools and enjoys a wide support network across the country. We firmly entrench the Shiite Hezbollah, which represent 80% of the population of southern Lebanon and 40% of the total Lebanese population. According to Lebanese sources, Hezbollah has the means to mobilize more than 100,000 combatants. A personality Lebanese politics gives this picture: "Their leader, Hassan Nasrallah, has already demonstrated several times last year that it was able to mobilize one million people on the streets in demonstrations in support." Although far below that of Israel, the military power of the Hezbollah surprised the Israelis themselves.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Al Anwar (Lebanon)
• Al Arab (UK)
• AL Manar (Lebanon)
• Al Watan al-Arabi (Lebanon)
• An Nahar Online (Irán)
• As Safir (Lebanon)
• Bahar (Iran)
• BBC (UK)
• Cairo Times (Egypt)
• Clarín (Argentina)
• CNN (USA)
• Ha'aretz (Israel)
• Iran Daily (Iran)
• Israel Insider (Israel)
• Jerusalem Post (Israel)
• Jordan Times (Jordan)
• Jumhuriyet (Turky)
• Junge Welt (Germany)
• L'Orient-le Tour (Lebanon)
• La Nación (Argentina)
• Le Figaro (France)
• Le Monde Diplomatque (France)
• Maariv (Israel)
• Makor Rishon (Israel)
• New Statesman (USA)
• New York Times (USA)
• New Yorker (USA)
• Noticias (Argentina)
• Tehran Times (Iran)
• The Daily Star (Lebanon)
• The San Francisco Chronicle (USA)
• Times (USA)
• Total Press (France)
• Turkish Daily News (Turky)
• USA Today (USA)
• Washington Post (USA)
• Yediot Aharonot (Israel)

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The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and their influence Geopolitics in South America.

Dr. Ramiro Anzit-Guerrero.

Doctor of Criminal Law and Criminal Sciences (USAL). Master of Strategic Studies (INUN). Lawyer (USAL). Associate Professor of doctoral seminar "International Terrorism and Law" of the University del Museo Social Argentino and professor at the University del Salvador. Member of the Anti-terrorism Criminology Department (SSPA). He is adviser in Counter-Terrorism of several governments.

ABSTRACT

Within the constraints of security that affect countries in South America, are the FARC, officially declared as a terrorist group with a scope that transcends political boundaries, framed in a geographical area of dispute with the Colombian government.

The purpose of this article is to define who are the FARC, its structure, objectives and logistics, and then give a part of the influence that this organization is having in other South American countries and in Argentina in particular.

WHAT ARE THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA

They are the most powerful terrorist group in Colombia. The Marxist-Leninist orientation, emerging in 1964 when the Colombian army began a military operation to eliminate pockets subversives who appeared in the region of Marquetalia (department of Tolima), which had formed a kind of independent Republic. From these early operations was highlighted as a leader Manuel Marulanda Velez (Tirofijo) formed-mandated Colombian Communist Party-the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army FARC-EP.

The FARC are insurgents, who have perfected militarily for nearly forty years, in subversive techniques of sabotage, guerrilla and terrorist coupled with its links with the drug cartels, which has cost the lives of thousands of Colombians and non - has enabled him to have political stability to the country. Currently being led by symbolically 'Tirofijo' but the actual management is what the commander Jorge Briceno (Mono Jojoy). Currently dominate 40% of the Colombian territory.

They have 9,000 to 12000 troops armed militarily have the following structure:

Squad: is the basic unit and consists of 12 men, including their commanders.

Guerrilla: consists of 2 more commanders' squads, a total of 26 men.

Company: 2 consist of more guerrilla commanders, a total of 64 men.

Column: 2 comprise companies' commanders, a total of 120 men.

Front: consists of more than one column.

Block: consists of five or more fronts.

Some terrorist attacks attributed to him:

• On December 29, 2000, assassinated the congressman Diego Turbay and six people on the outskirts of Florencia (Caquetá). The slaughter occurred when Turbay, president of the Peace Commission of the Chamber of Deputies of Colombia, and his companions were heading to a meeting with guerrilla leaders in Los Pozos.

• Human rights groups have reported 197 murders of civilians during the first ten months of 2001 by the FARC-EP.
• In 2001, in Colombia there were a total of 1172 cases of terrorism, the perpetrators were common criminals 58%, 20% ELN, FARC and AUC 20% 2%. The most affected regions were: Norte de Santander with 199 cases, 188 Arauca and Medellin 141.

• On May 2, 2002 in Bojayá, Choco. During a confrontation between the FARC-EP and the paramilitary forces, civilians took refuge in a church, where a gas cylinder bomb launched by the forces of the FARC-EP hit this church with a balance of at least 117 civilians dead.

The strategy of the FARC to threaten and assassinate public officials civilians (as mayors and councillors) has left a vacuum in government in some regions of the country.

In turn, the FARC have as a strategy depopulated the south of State authority, to form a sort of demilitarized zone. This situation forces the displacement of entire populations.

Its funding is based on kidnappings for ransom and collecting protection for the fields for growing the drug.

ACTIVITIES OF THE FARC IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN REGION.

The FARC-EP (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army) are taking presence from Argentina to Mexico, passing through Paraguay and Honduras. Its main premises have links with members of pressure groups of the extreme left, with whom performed together instead of organized crime, illicit activities such as kidnapping, drug trafficking and arms smuggling.

It is no longer FARC Marxist Colombian guerrillas - Leninist, but a multinational organized crime. The FARC from Colombia made linkages with other countries through the International Commission of the FARC who was spokesman, before his arrest, the commander Granda. This travelled to many countries "Invited by universities, ministries, parliaments and the European governments such as that of Ecuador to say something, NGOs, trade unions, political parties, human rights activists, lawyers, journalists and writers."

The International Commission of the FARC, has representatives in the European Union, Japan, Australia, Mexico, Canada, United States, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, among others, but before the fall of Granda "the committee was picked up and all its members must be inside the country who were Colombian, groups of friends who are nationals of each country to continue working in hiding", while currently be found working on their own until they can return to reorganize communication networks with the highest state of the FARC.

These communication networks are trying to prove that the Colombian government and its allies, mainly the United States. UU., Seeking to discredit a legitimate liberation movement in South America, with the alleged aim of regionalizing the internal conflict in Colombia.

IN HONDURAS was detected and defused the criminal network that supplied weapons to the FARC in exchange for aid for the shipment of drugs and cross the Caribbean Sea. These events forced the FARC has changed the methodology of its agents, which are commonly coverage through offices in neutral cities like Mexico City. It can be said that the FARC perform the same activities as before, but now I try mix politics and illegal activities. The delegates from the FARC abroad were responsible for only moved decisively policy areas and insert their sympathizers within social groups and pressure. Currently, this activity is in addition to the job of connecting with criminal networks to exchange and conducting business linked to drug trafficking, arms sales and kidnappings.

This situation has forced the security forces of various countries in the region, unified criteria and seek closer cooperation, which has made it possible to identify pro-guerrilla groups, individuals' sleepers' and contacts in different sectors of society .

One of the top leaders of the FARC, Raul Reyes, explained: "The border policy of the FARC is the commitment not to carry out military operations outside the Colombian border. Without renouncing the construction and consolidation of relations with political organizations, social and popular in various countries, including government authorities. "

The challenge of our democratic societies is how to unify the security of the region without affecting the rights of civil society, and that the FARC in various countries are focusing on illegal activities in order to finance its insurgent activity.

IN ECUADOR, Érlinton Solarte is considered by military intelligence and police as the leader of the activities of the FARC in that country. Solarte denies that was part of the Colombian guerrillas, but intelligence sources have identified as raising the FARC. That would have done through the installation of a network of clinics in Quito and Nueva Loja (south of Quito) from where they have sought medical centres to meet members wounded in fighting guerrillas of the FARC. In total there were three clinics and 17 individuals were arrested (8 Colombians and Ecuadorians 9). The methodology was catering to the irregular and was responsible for sending them to various medical centres in Quito, even at private clinics.

IN PARAGUAY, investigations surrounding the abduction of Cecilia Cubas Gusinky, the daughter of former Paraguayan agent, have so far determined that six Colombians, members of the FARC, entered by Bolivia two months before the kidnapping. After the death of the daughter of the former agent, Colombians have escaped from Paraguay. Its entry to Paraguay was not recorded because they did so illegally. According to sources the band had a rather complex structure formed by planners, recruiters and other members as negotiators. THE prosecutor in the case, believed to be between 40 or 50 hijackers.

Among those arrested are members of the Free Patriotic Paraguay, a group that belongs to the Forum of Sao Paulo. The Intelligence System of Colombia have discovered emails related to the abduction, sent between Raul Reyes (maximum leader of the FARC) Rodrigo Granda Escobar (known as the Chancellor) and processing Osmar Martinez as head of the group of kidnappers. In the e-mails provide guidance in the abduction of Cecilia Cubas, and the $ 5 million that calls for the rescue.

IN ARGENTINA, for the Paraguayan Attorney in the Greater Buenos Aires, be operating a cell of the FARC. Osmar Martinez would have had communications with that group for the abduction of Cecilia Cubas. The same would be organised by professionals with high-level training in kidnapping operations.

The FARC operations in the City of Buenos Aires. Since about mid-2000 and early 2001, warns the existence and functioning of a cell of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP), operational and active in the City of Buenos Aires. Today the situation is as follows.

The action group would be women Colombian nationals, which mostly serve as "Companions" in nightclubs in the area of Recoleta. There, its objectives would focus on the collection and acquisition finance and the establishment of political and business contacts, tasks performed manoeuvres through extortion and blackmail against its own "Clients" given that some of these places are frequented by politicians and businessmen.

The information points out that responsibility for the cell to a woman of Colombian nationality, who is a niece old commander of the Colombian M19. As suspected this would have made contact with the FARC-EP responsible for the Southern Cone, Jairo Alfonso Lemos Bulla (A) Javier Calderon, Lebanese and Colombian nationality, in a number of different occasions that it was in our country.

Our old acquaintance Calderon has an interesting support structure in Brazil and some Arab countries as it is basically a hard fighter trained for intelligence operations with excellent connections in the European Union and which were so entitled and the virtual Vice Chancellor of the FARC.

In the national political arena, the FARC-EP through Javier Calderon has done on several occasions as public activities outside the Fourth Congress Anfictiónico Bolivariano (IV CAB) held from 26 to 31 November 2001 at the headquarters of the Association Mutual Feeling, where he participated along with the member of the leadership of the Colombian Communist Party (PCC), Jose Fernando Martinez Ramirez, the commission called "Military and National Defense" would be in charge of the Colonels of the Argentine Army and members of CEMIDA (Center for Military for Democracy), Horacio Ballester, Jose Luis Garcia, Carlos Gascon and Professor Elsa Bruzzon, in addition to the participation of the then Secretary-General of the PC Paraguay, Ananias Maidana, Elsa Soto, Alfredo Fernandez (Humanist Party Argentina), and Luis Schmid (native community of Regional Organizations - CONDOR), and the various conferences held at universities in Cordoba and other parts of the interior.

  Currently, in addition to being sustained and expanded the range of contacts, primarily in the aftermath of the fall of the government of former President Fernando De La Rua, the FARC-EP hold extensive interaction with the organizations specifically political side of the Bolivarian Circles Argentina , where not only radiate policy directives to other organizations collateral but also channelled funds from contributions from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

In this sense, the FARC would seek to form cells in other countries, mainly for routes which have received weapons, which were exchanged for drugs or money. The Colombian government found itself in military operations, arms Paraguayan army that will be returned to that country. The Paraguayan government is reported that following the trail of a member of the FARC known as' Hermes', who provided advice for the kidnapping and subsequent murder of Cecilia Cubas.

The vice president of Paraguay, Luis Alberto Castiglione said after a visit to Colombia, that in his country there was the presence of advisers to the FARC, including a Colombian known as Hermes, who was advising the Paraguayan criminals. He added that according to research Hermes is very close to the leaders of the FARC and who resides in Brazil, probably also closely linked to the Mafia Brazilian. He also stressed that thanks to the cooperation of Colombia was disrupting the criminal organization that kidnapped and murdered Cecilia Cubas. It also began training for prosecutors and police Paraguayan intelligence and the fight against drug trafficking.

Another of the new strategies of the FARC is to negotiate with governments for hostages under the pinch of the guerrillas. The most significant is the three CIA agents who along with the candidate Ingrid Betancourt, according to the FARC leader Raul Reyes, will be returned if the government of the United States. UU. Surrender all prisoners extradited FARC and those who are in the hands of the Colombian government.

Although the Uribe government and the United States have flatly rejected the offer, the FARC say they carried out the delivery must be in a demilitarized zone south of the country. The FARC have 59 hostages they want to swap for its 500 troops detained.

For its part, Venezuela is among the countries that USA noted as the largest supplier of point and activities of the FARC. This would result in the inability to Venezuela to take control over their 2,200 km border with Colombia and thus would have cross-border incursions, smugglings of arms and drugs, rest, get input logistics, as well as abductions and extortion to raise funds. The armed forces and police Venezuelans and Colombians cooperated in some cases of terrorism and drug-related. In addition, the murder of September 17, 2004 of at least six members of the Venezuelan National Guard and a civilian engineer near the border with Colombia, the FARC forces affecting publicly Chavez and raised expectations that the border patrol outside increased through additional resources and greater political will.

However, the reaction of President Chavez and the Government of Venezuela to the arrest of 13 last December Rodrigo Grana Escobar, a member reportedly the General Staff of the FARC, who already consider to be the 'foreign minister' of the FARC, complicating efforts to intensify cooperation in combating terrorism Colombian-Venezuelan. President Chavez and the Venezuelan government publicly accused the Colombian Government of infringing on the sovereignty of Venezuela, suspended economic and trade agreements with Colombia, and retreated to the Ambassador of Venezuela in Colombia. President Chavez rejected the offer of President Uribe of Colombia to meet face to face to resolve the impasse and put conditions on any meeting with Uribe - along with the resumption of commercial relations and the return of the Ambassador of Venezuela to Colombia - subject to call for apology from Chavez and Uribe to accept responsibility for having violated the sovereignty of Venezuela. In the first months of 2005, Chavez and Uribe resolved to move forward after this incident. However, the future anti-terrorist cooperation between Venezuela and Colombia remains uncertain.

In Venezuela, as a result of a police operation to rescue the mother of a Venezuelan baseball player who plays in the United States. UU. Was captured a member of the FARC, Juan Jose Martinez (alias El Chigüiro). For its part it is worth recalling the kidnapping by members of the Colombian secret service called 'Chancellor of the FARC' Rodrigo Granda in Caracas. Granda is linked to the kidnapping and subsequent murder of the daughter of the former leader of Paraguay Raul Cubas, while that was responsible for the functions of propaganda abroad.

IN BOLIVIA, commander of the Armed Forces of this country, Luis Aranda, reported that guerrillas are trying to establish themselves in Bolivian territory. Information military intelligence realize the goal maintained by terrorist groups operating in Bolivia. Some of these groups have been arrested thanks to a joint effort between the security forces and intelligence of Bolivia and Peru. The exchange of information between security agencies of the countries of the region was one of the mechanisms by which it succeeded so far to curb such groups, not only in Bolivia but also in other nations.

Still remain investigations by the police and FF.AA. Supposed to come up with heads of terrorist groups who come to Bolivia to take refuge, to the prosecution of law enforcement officials in their respective countries. According to the commander, before 2000 was suspected that members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) operating in the Chapare region in Cochabamba (650 kms. East of La Paz, an area characterized by the presence of growers and pools maceration of cocaine, drug trafficking run by clans).

IN BRAZIL, the FARC and the narcos Brazilians would be working together. This was carried out through the passage of drugs from Colombia to Brazil through Paraguay. According to documents from the United States, the narcos Brazilians are not allied with the Colombian guerrillas, but with its roots in Paraguay. For O Globo, cooperation occurs after the Brazilian government to strengthen a law that authorizes the Air Force to shoot down aircraft suspected that national over their country. Then, as the traffic of cocaine is becoming more dangerous by area of Colombia to Brazil, the alliance committed to the FARC, now installed in Paraguay.

Cocaine stretching from southern Colombia in small aircraft taking off on runways clandestine FARC, through landing in Paraguay and Bolivia. That drug is discharged farms in the narcos, and then continues by road. On routes from Paraguay to Brazil comes a little left for domestic consumption of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and another little remains to the United States, Europe, Japan, Australia and South Africa, it is presumed. Weapons and some of the money would go to the FARC as payment in a kind of toll for the use of its tracks.

THE FALLING IN THE INTERNATIONAL IMAGE

The FARC have embarked on a strategy makeover, through the delivery operations of hostages, through Venezuela. Currently hold more than 700 hostages including 44 soldiers, policemen and politicians including the former candidate for the presidency of Colombia, Ingrid Betancourt. This situation demonstrates the contempt that the organization has international humanitarian law, though the FARC tries to legally label abductees as prisoners of war.

This has led to popular discontent of Colombians and the repudiation of the international community, as demonstrated at the marches in protest against the actions of the FARC in recent months. Approximately 130 cities including Madrid, Paris, London Buenos Aires, Mexico, Montevideo, Caracas, Lima, Miami, Washington, Los Angeles, New York and Sydney epicentres were demonstrations of the civilian population who oppose the strategy of hostage and terrorist actions by the FARC.

The purpose of kidnapping, beyond those which are of economic extortion that are most cases, is to intimidate a population, and the Government to achieve concessions in favour of the terrorist organization.

Attendance at mass demonstrations worldwide in condemnation of the FARC, which surpassed the old protests against drug trafficking, demonstrated the lack of legitimacy and political possibilities that are within the FARC Colombia. This situation does not exclude the Colombian people's desire to negotiate the release of hostages. Thus, the terrorist organization, is obliged to negotiate the release of hostages in order to maintain the commitment it has made in some sectors and populist intellectuals from Latin America and Europe.

The insurgent group to negotiate demands that the Government of Uribe access the military clearance from the municipalities of Florida and Pradera and express the possibilities of non-acceptance or encounter in the country or abroad with spokesmen for the Colombian Government. This strategy seeks to internationalize the conflict to achieve recognition of the territory they occupy territory as' liberated 'and so earn some type of legal legitimacy.

But the defection of guerrilla is a serious blow to the FARC. Only last January, 130 were allegedly defected to the guerrillas, delivered to the forces of the Colombian state. The factors that determine the decision of these insurgents to lay down their arms, is based on several factors, including the difference they see between the political doctrine that attracted the FARC and the reality that we live within the structure, criminal actions that require them to commit as assassinations, kidnappings and attacks, coupled with the dangerous and bad conditions which must bear in a complex terrain where the Colombian Armed Forces operate intensively.

Even within the hierarchy of the FARC, the level of commanders and squadron commanders front, some perceive that the federal government wants to integrate them into civilian life and politics, as happened with the AUC and the M-19, and therefore evaluating the possibility of surrender to the State authorities. No doubt this is one of the most destabilizing factors of the FARC: Lack of internal cohesion that has the capacity to undermine the integrity and morale within the organization, leading to wear and would drop as the element of entropy that destroy finally to the structure, beyond the lack of external support.